Laravel 8 Roles and Permissions Tutorial

User management is important feature in any web application. A user should have access to the permissions that only required. That way, user can only see the menus that assigned to its role.

In this article, we will go through how to implement user roles and permissions in Laravel 8. We will use Laravel spatie package to implement roles and permission. This way, it will be easy to implement users roles and permission. Here is how it looks after completed:

User list

Role Edit

Permission list

Post Edit

We will implement post CRUD with appropriate permission to roles users. We will go through from the scratch step by step so it would be easy for you to implement. So let's start with fresh Laravel application.

Step 1: Create Laravel application

In the initial step, we need to create fresh application. So open your Terminal or Command Prompt and create a new Laravel application. After the installation completed, open the project in text editor.

composer create-project laravel/laravel post

ANd change Terminal's working directory to project

cd post

Step 2: Install and configure packages

After the Laravel application created, we are going to install Spatie package. Run the following command:

composer require spatie/laravel-permission

We are also going to use Laravel collective form. So in the same Terminal project root directory, hit the command:

composer require laravelcollective/html

Now we need to register provider class to config/app.php file so open file and add service provider.

'providers' => [
    Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider::class,
];

If you want to change in the package, then you can fire bellow command and it will create a config file in config/permission.php and migration files. We will run migrate command in the next step.

php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Permission\PermissionServiceProvider"

Step 3: Create posts table

We are using post module for roles, so use below command to create posts migration.

php artisan make:migration create_posts_table

This will create a new migration at database/migrations folder. Open the file and add below lines in up() method.

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

class CreatePostsTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
    }
}

We will also need to configure database before running migration. Open .env file from project folder and change database configuration.

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=post
DB_USERNAME=root
DB_PASSWORD=root

Now run the migrate command.

php artisan migrate

Step 4: Create post model

In this step, we we will create a post model to get data for posts table. Run the below artisan command to generate Post model.

php artisan make:model Post

And add fillable attribute in Post model.

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'title',
        'body',
    ];
}

User model is already included in Laravel. We just need to add HasRoles trait in it. So open User model and add it.

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;
use Spatie\Permission\Traits\HasRoles;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasFactory, HasRoles, Notifiable;
}

Step 4: Register package middlewares

The package has comes with roles and permission middlewares, we can add them inside app/Http/Kernel.php file.

protected $routeMiddleware = [
    'role' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleMiddleware::class,
    'permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\PermissionMiddleware::class,
    'role_or_permission' => \Spatie\Permission\Middlewares\RoleOrPermissionMiddleware::class,
]

Step 6: Create authentication scaffold

We have configured the package, now we need to implement Laravel default authentication feature. So run the following command in Terminal.

composer require laravel/ui

We also need views for login and register. You can do it with following command.

php artisan ui bootstrap --auth

Now we also need to compile view assets for authentication view. So run the below npm command.

Note: The below npm commands only require for asset compiling, if you are adding your own view, then you don't need to run npm commands.

npm install

And build it will below command:

npm run dev

Step 7: Create controllers

We are going to build CRD part for users, roles and posts table, so we need resource controllers for them. Run below commands one by one to create controllers for them.

php artisan make:controller UserController --resource
php artisan make:controller RoleController --resource
php artisan make:controller PermissionController --resource
php artisan make:controller PostController --resource

Now one by one controller, we will edit controllers and add CRUD feature in it. So open the controllers them one by one:

app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use DB;
use Hash;
use App\Models\User;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Illuminate\Support\Arr;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;

class UserController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * create a new instance of the class
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function __construct()
    {
         $this->middleware('permission:user-list|user-create|user-edit|user-delete', ['only' => ['index','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:user-create', ['only' => ['create','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:user-edit', ['only' => ['edit','update']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:user-delete', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $data = User::orderBy('id', 'desc')->paginate(5);
        
        return view('users.index', compact('data'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        $roles = Role::pluck('name','name')->all();

        return view('users.create', compact('roles'));
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email',
            'password' => 'required|confirmed',
            'roles' => 'required'
        ]);
    
        $input = $request->all();
        $input['password'] = Hash::make($input['password']);
    
        $user = User::create($input);
        $user->assignRole($request->input('roles'));
    
        return redirect()->route('users.index')
            ->with('success', 'User created successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show($id)
    {
        $user = User::find($id);

        return view('users.show', compact('user'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        $user = User::find($id);
        $roles = Role::pluck('name', 'name')->all();
        $userRole = $user->roles->pluck('name', 'name')->all();
    
        return view('users.edit', compact('user', 'roles', 'userRole'));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users,email,'.$id,
            'password' => 'confirmed',
            'roles' => 'required'
        ]);
    
        $input = $request->all();
        
        if(!empty($input['password'])) { 
            $input['password'] = Hash::make($input['password']);
        } else {
            $input = Arr::except($input, array('password'));    
        }
    
        $user = User::find($id);
        $user->update($input);

        DB::table('model_has_roles')
            ->where('model_id', $id)
            ->delete();
    
        $user->assignRole($request->input('roles'));
    
        return redirect()->route('users.index')
            ->with('success', 'User updated successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        User::find($id)->delete();

        return redirect()->route('users.index')
            ->with('success', 'User deleted successfully.');
    }
}

app/Http/Controllers/RoleController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use DB;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Role;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;

class RoleController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * create a new instance of the class
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function __construct()
    {
         $this->middleware('permission:role-list|role-create|role-edit|role-delete', ['only' => ['index','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:role-create', ['only' => ['create','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:role-edit', ['only' => ['edit','update']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:role-delete', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $data = Role::orderBy('id','DESC')->paginate(5);

        return view('roles.index', compact('data'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        $permission = Permission::get();

        return view('roles.create', compact('permission'));
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required|unique:roles,name',
            'permission' => 'required',
        ]);
    
        $role = Role::create(['name' => $request->input('name')]);
        $role->syncPermissions($request->input('permission'));
    
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')
            ->with('success', 'Role created successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show($id)
    {
        $role = Role::find($id);
        $rolePermissions = Permission::join('role_has_permissions', 'role_has_permissions.permission_id', 'permissions.id')
            ->where('role_has_permissions.role_id',$id)
            ->get();
    
        return view('roles.show', compact('role', 'rolePermissions'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        $role = Role::find($id);
        $permission = Permission::get();
        $rolePermissions = DB::table('role_has_permissions')
            ->where('role_has_permissions.role_id', $id)
            ->pluck('role_has_permissions.permission_id', 'role_has_permissions.permission_id')
            ->all();
    
        return view('roles.edit', compact('role', 'permission', 'rolePermissions'));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required',
            'permission' => 'required',
        ]);
    
        $role = Role::find($id);
        $role->name = $request->input('name');
        $role->save();
    
        $role->syncPermissions($request->input('permission'));
    
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')
            ->with('success', 'Role updated successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        Role::find($id)->delete();
        
        return redirect()->route('roles.index')
            ->with('success', 'Role deleted successfully');
    }
}

app/Http/Controllers/PermissionController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use DB;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use Spatie\Permission\Models\Permission;

class PermissionController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * create a new instance of the class
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function __construct()
    {
         $this->middleware('permission:permission-list|permission-create|permission-edit|permission-delete', ['only' => ['index','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:permission-create', ['only' => ['create','store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:permission-edit', ['only' => ['edit','update']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:permission-delete', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $data = Permission::orderBy('id','DESC')->paginate(5);

        return view('permissions.index', compact('data'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        return view('permissions.create');
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required|unique:permissions,name',
        ]);
    
        Permission::create(['name' => $request->input('name')]);
    
        return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
            ->with('success', 'Permission created successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show($id)
    {
        $permission = Permission::find($id);
    
        return view('permissions.show', compact('permission'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        $permission = Permission::find($id);
    
        return view('permissions.edit', compact('permission'));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'name' => 'required'
        ]);
    
        $permission = Permission::find($id);
        $permission->name = $request->input('name');
        $permission->save();
        
        return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
            ->with('success', 'Permission updated successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        Permission::find($id)->delete();
        
        return redirect()->route('permissions.index')
            ->with('success', 'Permission deleted successfully');
    }
}

app/Http/Controllers/PostController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * create a new instance of the class
     *
     * @return void
     */
    function __construct()
    {
         $this->middleware('permission:post-list|post-create|post-edit|post-delete', ['only' => ['index', 'show']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:post-create', ['only' => ['create', 'store']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:post-edit', ['only' => ['edit', 'update']]);
         $this->middleware('permission:post-delete', ['only' => ['destroy']]);
    }

    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $data = Post::latest()->paginate(5);

        return view('posts.index',compact('data'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
        return view('posts.create');
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'title' => 'required',
            'body' => 'required',
        ]);
        $input = $request->except(['_token']);
    
        Post::create($input);
    
        return redirect()->route('posts.index')
            ->with('success','Post created successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show($id)
    {
        $post = Post::find($id);

        return view('posts.show', compact('post'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit($id)
    {
        $post = Post::find($id);

        return view('posts.edit',compact('post'));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, $id)
    {
        $this->validate($request, [
            'title' => 'required',
            'body' => 'required',
        ]);

        $post = Post::find($id);
    
        $post->update($request->all());
    
        return redirect()->route('posts.index')
            ->with('success', 'Post updated successfully.');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy($id)
    {
        Post::find($id)->delete();
    
        return redirect()->route('posts.index')
            ->with('success', 'Post deleted successfully.');
    }
}

Step 8: Create routes

We have created all controllers. Now we create routes for them, open routes/web.php and add new routes in it.

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;
use App\Http\Controllers\HomeController;
use App\Http\Controllers\RoleController;
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
use App\Http\Controllers\PermissionController;
use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Web Routes
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Here is where you can register web routes for your application. These
| routes are loaded by the RouteServiceProvider within a group which
| contains the "web" middleware group. Now create something great!
|
*/

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

Auth::routes();

Route::get('/home', [HomeController::class, 'index'])->name('home');

Route::group(['middleware' => ['auth']], function() {
    Route::resource('users', UserController::class);
    Route::resource('roles', RoleController::class);
    Route::resource('permissions', PermissionController::class);
    Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
});

The tutorial has becomes a little bit long, so I have divided it into two part. Please continune at Part-2.